Malaysians must strive for a new non-racial future for all. Failure is not
an option, says Zaid Ibrahim.
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your invitation for me to speak today.
When I accepted your kind offer, I was ‘party-less.’ But things have now
changed. I have drawn my line in the sand. And I have chosen sides. Today, I
am a proud member of Parti Keadilan Rakyat.
Today, I am persuaded by the argument that for Malaysia to have democracy
and the Rule of Law, we must have a new government; a viable inclusive
government of the people; a government for all Malaysians. Today I am
dedicated to the cause of securing the success of Parti Keadilan and Pakatan
Rakyat, and ensuring that it galvanises the best talents and ideas to form a
robust alternative Malaysian political force to lead the nation, to deliver
true integration and nationhood.
This country was established as a secular multicultural and multi-religious
democracy a’la the Westminster model. The Constitution, however, provides
for a special position for the Malays and natives of Sabah and Sarawak. They
unfortunately omitted to include the Orang Asli in this special category,
although they were naturally the first original inhabitants of this country.
All they got was a Jabatan Orang Asli. The special provisions for Bumiputras
under Article 153 do not make them more special than other citizens, for the
fighters of independence did not envisage an Orwellian society where some
are more equal than others. The acceptance of equality of rights as citizens
is central to the success of our Malaysian journey.
1Malaysia: Are Malaysians equal?
When the Prime Minister announced his ’1Malaysia’ slogan, I asked if that
meant he would make a declaration that all Malaysians are equal. The answer
was not forthcoming till today. All he said was rights must be understood in
the context of responsibilities. Another fuzzy reply.
When critics asked if ’1Malaysia’ is an affirmation of the rights of ALL the
citizens under the Constitution, an affirmation of the multicultural and
multi-religious nature of our country; and that the principles of Rukun
Negara will continue to be the mainstay of our society… my detractors say
that my views are fodder for the egos and insecurities of those who detest
the constitutional position of the Malays.
They say I work too hard at being a Malaysian and by doing so, have
forgotten my roots and responsibilities to the Malays. And that no right
thinking Malay, who truly understands what is at stake, would ever support
me. I know my heritage. I know my humble beginnings. And I know my roots and
responsibilities as a Malay. They are wrong. To them, let me say this:
Umno – being hidden in a cave for so long and concealed from the real world
- have almost abandoned the idea of a shared and common nationhood. They
believe that for so long as the MCA and the MIC remain with them as partners
of convenience, that is sufficient to build a nation. They think it’s
sufficient to forge a new nation by electoral arrangements. The MCA and the
MIC also think it’s sufficient for nationhood if they remain business
partners of Umno.
A new united Malaysia can only come true when Umno changes and abandons
racial politics and the politics of racial hegemony. Or when the Malays can
be made to understand that patronage, authoritarianism and nationalist
extremism, which underpins Umno’s style of leadership, does more harm to the
community and the country than good. That Malays themselves must break from
the shackles of narrow nationalism so that they may realise
self-actualisation and emancipation. The first is difficult to achieve but I
take it as my responsibility to try and achieve the second.
Let me now get into the subject of the speech by giving you an understanding
about how Umno ticks. This, to me, is critical in order for you to
appreciate what hope we have for the preservation of the Rule of Law and
Democracy in Malaysia.
Umno’s authoritararianism
At the heart of Umno’s philosophy on leadership is a conviction that there
is an inherent, almost ‘divine’ right to retain power at all costs. This is
so for two reasons: firstly, because they assume that they are the only
political force, by way of Barisan Nasional¸ to offer a workable
power-sharing leadership of this nation. And secondly, because they believe
that the Malay hegemony that Umno maintains is necessary to prevent the
Malays from becoming marginalised.
It is these beliefs that are at the centre of Umno’s self-indulgent sense of
indispensability and self-importance that is today causing them to steer the
nation to an authoritarian rule. It is this sense of self-importance that is
accountable for the authoritarianism in leadership and government. It is
this that has helped justify in their minds their right to quell anyone who
threatens the status quo, whether it be a group of politicians or activists
protesting against abuses in government or a group of Indians protesting
against their treatment and lack of opportunities or a previous Deputy Prime
Minister who was no longer in step with the ‘Big Boss.’ It does not matter.
Self-preservation demands expedience at all costs to resolve any impending
threat.
But there is more. Since the hegemony is protected by policies that benefit
the elites and other powerful forces, this sense of self-importance becomes
even more dangerous. Because it justifies why real checks and balances
against governmental abuses can be done away with. It justifies trampling on
fundamental safeguards in the Federal Constitution in the last 20 years.
But there is more. If you are on the cause of preserving the rights of the
elites, the oligarchs, then it brings you no shame to have a former Umno
lawyer as Chief Justice; in fact, you become proud of that achievement. Even
if the Attorney-General had committed many errors in the discharge of his
functions and duties, a well-known fact amongst the legal fraternity, you
will not change him; nor would you change the Chief of Police despite so
many reports of transgressions committed by him. All for the ‘Malay cause’,
they would say! And if you are on the Bench writing your judgment on the
Perak fiasco; you can tailor it to suit your master’s political interests,
and you will be lauded for that. The ‘Malay Cause’ is everything. The
Constitution can wait; sound legal reasoning can wait, justice can wait..
But there is more. Many in Umno see the hegemony as a ‘be all and end all,’
with the power sharing between component parties as being a means to an end.
Ketuanan Melayu, a mantra of Malay supremacy, has gained ground instead of
receding over time. More accurately it is Ketuanan Elit Melayu as the
majority of the Malays have found out to their dismay.
We will be cursed
What is the price that we ultimately pay as a nation, if this pernicious
doctrine is embraced by many? Clearly to start with, we would continue to be
cursed with a non-transparent government without the capability of
functioning in a way that respects the rule of law. We will be cursed for
having laws that oppress, that curtail and suffocate the basic freedoms of
the people. We now have a set of rules for the elites and one for the
rakyat, one for Barisan Nasional and one for Pakatan Rakyat.
If the public believes that the government is not beholden to a set of
commonly revered values and principles, and its actions are tainted by
racial biases, there will continue to be physical and emotional segregation
of communities, regardless of how many times we change the slogans to break
such divisiveness. The notion of creating a free and democratic Malaysia
therefore becomes unachievable.
The ultimate price that the country suffers from the present political
culture is that the Malays and non-Malays will continue to be denied a sense
of ownership of Malaysia’s nation-building journey. And instead of becoming
partners in this voyage to mature nationhood, they continue to bicker and
remain suspicious and distrustful of one another. Because of this
segregation, the government is unable to set a new direction for the
country. Because of racial polarisation, the people are not ready to accept
a multi-racial dimension for this country. As a result, we are not able to
enact or even discuss comprehensive national policies whether it is
regarding the police, education or judicial and civil service reforms. The
distrust of the communities will prevent objective appraisals and solutions
to the problems.
Ethnic interests take precedence over national interests. National interests
become a strange and fearful concept. And there will continue to be a brain
drain of Malaysian talents who would have decided that they would rather
make their homes elsewhere. This is a high price that the country can
ill-afford to pay given the increasingly challenging global outlook.
Authoritarianism, patronage, and nationalist extremism from any quarter
destroy the key ingredients necessary for the Malaysian community to really
build on and retain that wealth and knowledge. Competitiveness and true
economic and scholastic success, is a function of instilling in the hearts
and minds of beneficiaries a set of new behaviours, around the capacity and
desire to take personal accountability, to trust one another, to be
achievement-oriented, to develop a sense of curiosity, a sense of solidarity
that go beyond our own ethnic clans and groups; so that together, we are
able to build this country. We must do away with unprincipled politics, with
Machiavellian methods but instead seek to change with reforms that encourage
the development of a viable democracy and a prosperous country for all.
The government says it hopes to amend up to 33 laws, which involve
discretionary powers of the Home Minister, beginning with the controversial
Internal Security Act (ISA) in the next Parliament session. Let’s hope and
see if this will bear fruit. Authoritarianism in government will continue
albeit in a different guise, unless the whole of the ISA, Official Secrets
Act, the Sedition Act and similar such laws are abolished. This would be an
example of good governance. However authoritarian policies will most likely
continue while corruption is rampant when the elites need protection from
their misdeeds. Najib will not be able to change any of these.
Pakatan will get stronger
The whole cloak-and-dagger story of intrigue about the overthrow of the
Pakatan Rakyat government gave rise to much suspicion about Najib’s style,
well before he took office. He could have allayed fears that he would not be
one to resort to below-the-belt tactics in his leadership by calling for
fresh elections. Najib’s unwillingness to dissolve the Perak Assembly has
got the country deeper into a political quagmire. By doing so, he will also
help the Federal Court judges from having to come up with a convoluted legal
reasoning, like that of the Court of Appeal, to please the Prime Minister.
This is again Najib’s idea to strengthen himself. If Pqs were to support
Umno under the guise of a ‘unity government,’ a viable alternative to
Barisan Nasional at the next elections would be seriously undermined. Najib
wanted the internal difficulties between Pakatan Rakyat parties to continue
and fester as the mainstream media went full steam ahead to ensure Pakatan’s
demise. Let me assure you that such a scenario will not happen.
Pakatan will only get stronger. Pakatan has its weaknesses but we do not
have the culture of hegemony. We do not suppress dissent. Hence you will
hear of occasional disagreements. You will hear of occasional flare-ups; but
Pas, Keadilan and DAP are committed to finding ways to strengthen their
partnership. They will not break up. Instead they will form a formidable
coalition that will be ready to provide an alternative government to the
people.
Today Malaysians are suffering the deleterious effect of a stagnating world
economy, and the GDP will contract by 4.4 percent according to the World
Bank. FDIs continue to fall while talent is being lost. The standard of
education and the skill sets including the command of English, necessary for
the workforce to remain globally competitive continues to plummet. Now after
spending billions on teaching Science and Maths in English in the last six
years, the government has announced the reversal of the policy effective
2012. One wonders if the farcical National Service programme, which is
neither a national service nor an educational programme will be scrapped
too.
Findings of Lingam case not acted upon
Crimes and home security issues have increased since 2003 and these remain
major concerns of the people. In the 1998 case of Anwar Ibrahim, allegations
by the investigating officer himself of tampering with evidence by the IGP
and the A-G have not been answered satisfactorily. Of course, the government
had formed a certain panel comprising three ex-judges deliberating in a
secret place. Not surprisingly the panel cleared them. The findings of the
Royal Commission in the Lingam case have not been acted upon in a
satisfactory manner also. And many high profile cases reported to the
Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) remain unattended. Such is the
state of the Rule of Law in Malaysia. Will Najib attend to these issues?
Certainly not.
All he can do is to announce the scrapping of some outdated policies that he
had little choice but to do it anyway, as part of the demands of the
international and Asean trade agreements. After decades of the NEP, the 30
per cent equity requirement in companies listed amongst the 27 services
sub-sectors are taken away. Also the Foreign Investment Committee regulating
investments in Malaysia has been scrapped. The reasoning of the government,
which is disputed by many Malays, is that the Bumiputra participation in the
relevant services sub-sectors are satisfactory and hence the removal of the
quota requirement. Whilst the move has made Najib popular in the short term,
it will come back to haunt him. Economics and social justice require him to
address the larger question of disparities in income of the people. The
plight and grievances of ordinary people will not be redressed by one or two
populist policies.
Najib should not have started the Perak debacle
On the question of the preservation of the rule of law and democracy, he did
nothing and probably will continue to do nothing. He should have acted as if
he has only 100 days before his reign comes to an end. He should have
embraced Roosevelt’s dictum: “there is nothing to fear but fear itself” -
and embarked on far-reaching policies to give back judicial power to the
courts, to give back integrity, trust and respectability to governmental
institutions like the police, the Attorney-General’s office, the Election
Commission; that of which Malaysia desperately needs. In doing so, he could
have shown the people he was prepared to sacrifice his neck if that was
required of him.
He should not have started the Perak debacle but since it had already got
under way, he should have had the courage to win back the support of the
people by allowing for the dissolution of the Legislative Assembly. Instead
of embarking on the inane idea of Umno-Pas unity – confirming the suspicion
that he is like his Deputy, who only understands Umno-Pas unity at the
expense of everything else – Najib should have called for a national debate
amongst all leaders of major political parties for a serious discussion on
key and core values for the country.
The problems in our country are not race or religion based but BN has worked
very hard to make them so. It’s always about the rakyat against the elites
or the powerful oligarchs that run and control the country’s institutions
and wealth. The rakyat for too long have become pawns in this political game
where the race and religious issues are being played out to divide them.
Punish racism and racist speeches and writings
Najib should have started his administration by pushing through a Race
Relations Act, which that will punish racism and racist speeches and
writings from all quarters, even if it’s from leaders of his own party and
from Utusan Malaysia. This single greatest impediment to Malaysians being
united and working together for the common good is racist policies in
Malaysia. Racism here is not the same kind that the Anglo Saxon whites have
over blacks and coloureds (or vice-versa) for many years. It’s not the
apartheid kind of racism where whites generally believe they are superior to
blacks and coloureds in genetics and all spheres of life.
Our racism is driven more by ethnic distrust and ethnic rivalry for the
economic cake. They are mainly economic and cultural in nature based on the
fear that the wealth of the country will be taken away by the Chinese and
vice-versa. But it is just as divisive and dangerous. It refers to both
institutionalised racism and those exhibited by individuals.
Malaysia needs to combat this problem because it is particularly acute.
Because we have three major races that did not have the luxury of time for
natural assimilation or the time to gel and live in harmony, we need
legislation and governmental support to push through the unity factors and
manage the divisive factors found in the community.
To bring about a truly united ’1Malaysia,’ our Prime Minister must not
always refer to the deprivation of the Malays suffered under the British. No
amount of wallowing in the past can change history nor can we just tell the
Chinese and the Indians how grateful they should be for events taking place
a hundred years ago. Equally he cannot just be happy that he has the MCA and
the MIC taking care of the non-Malays. He has to do more to make sure that
the non-Malays are equally responsible and generous with the Malays. Will
they open their businesses to the Malays? Will they give credit on the same
terms they do to their own clans?
But at the same time, the people, including the Malays, must be convinced
that democracy and a functioning bureaucracy are good for them. That they
have a better chance of realising their potential and benefiting from their
rights and privileges under a government that respects just laws. They must
resist corruption by all means at their disposal. The notion of Bangsa
Malaysia will not detract or take away anything from them but instead they
become a part of a larger and more diverse community where they too can
experience the generosity, beauty, strength and richness of Malaysian
cultures. They will benefit from the solidarity of people from all walks of
life and their worldview will change to make them stronger and more
confident in themselves.
Can’t survive the outrage of the masses
A prime minister of this country must not succumb to the idea that force and
repression will prevail over the people’s will. The prime minister of this
country must not suffer from the delusion that the police, the army, the
courts, the Election Commission and the Attorney-General can strike fear in
the hearts of the people to the extent that they will and must retreat. No
leader in ancient and modern times has survived the outrage of the masses.
Today we have witnessed a new sense of outrage: outrage against the abuse of
power, against inequality, outrage against the continued persecution of
Anwar Ibrahim, and outrage against the policies of divide and rule.
Ladies and gentlemen, the winds of change have never blown so strong. Today
the rakyat has spoken and they want their voices heard. They want a new
beginning, so that this country, which we all call home, will be transformed
into a dynamic, open and vibrant democratic sanctuary. A sanctuary where we
live without fear of police harassment, without fear of wearing black or
yellow, without fear of detention without trial, without the nausea of
reading newspapers whose editors have to toe the line to keep the papers
alive. We will make this country such that we have room and space for all of
us to have our dreams and hopes come true.
But the window of opportunity has opened for one central reason. And that is
because the people now have a choice; between the establishment that has led
the country astray over the last 50 years or a viable alternative in Pakatan
Rakyat, which can inclusively carry the hopes and aspirations of all
Malaysians, no matter they be Malay, Chinese or Indian. For without this
alternative, the self-indulgent and delusional sense of self-importance of
Umno and its cohorts in Barisan Nasional will continue to impose itself.
No doubt Keadilan is a new party, and Pakatan Rakyat is in its infancy, and
the coming together of different political parties to find a common thread
with which to build meaningful solidarity to work together is a long and
arduous journey. Let us not kid ourselves. Many challenges lie ahead to make
it a truly viable alternative political force to Barisan Nasional and an
acceptable choice for all Malaysians. And the traps and snares to trip up
this fledgling alternative are being laid everywhere; the ‘unity’ talks
being just one.
My colleagues and I in Pakatan Rakyat must be cautious and yet courageous,
patient yet purposeful, tolerant yet principled to ensure that Pakatan
Rakyat steers clear of these traps, and that we build a truly robust and
secure alternative from which the electorate can choose to form a
government. We must desist from any temptation to go back to the ways of the
past, in which opposition parties represent their own narrow factional
interests, only to grant a walkover victory to the status quo.
Will not champion racial politics
As for Parti Keadilan Rakyat, it must soldier on come what may, as a party
that will protect the people regardless of race and ethnicity. The ‘special’
position of the Bumiputras and Islam as mandated by the Constitution will be
honoured but will do so in an open, transparent manner, as a democratic
multi-racial party that observes the Rule of Law will be obliged to do.
Keadilan will not champion racial politics and will not seek racial
hegemony. We are a lot more humble than Umno but we will be fearless in the
defence of the rights of the rakyat against powerful oligarchs and vested
interest groups. We will make the public institutions in this country
respectable and full of integrity. These institutions will regain the
respect and the trust of the people.
Ladies and gentlemen, we do not live in a world of black and white. We live
in a world full of different colours, shades and textures. No truer is this
than in Malaysia. I can stand here and tell you of my immense sense of pride
and affection in being a Malaysian, just as I can do the same about being
Malay. And I believe that we all are just as capable of feeling that way
about being Malaysian and yet similarly proud of being Malay, Chinese,
Indian, Kadazan or Iban, no matter who we are.
And it is this mix of seemingly conflicting values, which when blended and
tempered with courage, tolerance, good faith and framed by universally held
moral and civic values, that make the canvas of Malaysia so rich, so
powerful and so full of potential. Let us preserve this living piece of art
and ensure that it continues to beautify and enrich our personal lives, as
private citizens.
For if we fail, then the providence with which we are blessed today to make
a breakthrough change will disappear as quickly as it came; and we will be
back to square one. Our future and that of our children and their children
depends on our success. Failure is not an option. God favours the brave.
———————————————————
Zaid Ibrahim delivered the above keynote address at The Oxbridge Malaysia
Dinner Dialogue Series hosted by the Oxford & Cambridge Society of Malaysia
on 9 July 2009 in Kuala Lumpur.